甜玉米单倍体诱导和加倍方法研究

Haploid inducing and doubling methods for sweet corn

【目的】探索单倍体诱导系在甜玉米单倍体育种中应用的可能性及适宜的甜玉米单倍体诱导和加倍方法,为加快我国甜玉米育种进程、提高甜玉米育种效率奠定基础。【方法】采用3个诱导系和4个甜玉米杂交种,设计4种秋水仙素化学加倍甜玉米单倍体的方法,对提高甜玉米单倍体诱导率和加倍率的方法进行比较研究。【结果】甜玉米单倍体诱导试验表明,3个单倍体诱导系的诱导率有极显著差异,其中以TY1的诱导率最高,为7.99%;4个甜玉米杂交种诱导率差异极显著,以"绿色先锋"的诱导率最高,为7.57%。秋水仙素加倍甜玉米单倍体试验表明,浸芽法和针刺生长点法对植株伤害较严重,存活率低于50%;浸种法(0.5 mg/mL秋水仙素)和针刺生长点法(0.3mg/mL秋水仙素)的散粉率较高(48.4%,28.9%),相应的结实率也较高(15.2%,11.1%),说明浸种法处理效果最好,针刺生长点法次之。【结论】适宜的单倍体诱导和加倍方法能显著提高甜玉米单倍体的育种效率。

[Objective] The possibility of applying inducing lines in breeding of sweet corn haploids and suitable methods for sweet corn haploids doubling were investigated to accelerate the breeding process and improve the breeding efficiency of sweet corn in China. [Method] Three inducing lines and four hybrids were used to set four colchicine doubling methods. The results on improving inducing rate and doubling rate of sweet corn haploids were compared. [Result] The inducing rates of three inducing lines were extremely significantly different with the highest value of 7.99% for TY1. The inducing rates of four sweet corn hybrids were also extremely significantly different with the highest values of 7.57% for Lusexianfeng. Of the four haploid colchicine doubling treatments （dipping seeds, roots, buds and acupuncturing growing point）, the plant survival rates of dipping buds method and acupuncturing growing point method were lower than 50%. Doubling frequencies of dipping seeds method at 0. 5 mg/mL colchicine and acupuncturing growing point method at 0.3 mg/mL colchicine performed better, with the fertile plants rates of 48.4% and 28.9% and plants seeding rates of 15.2% and 11.1% ,respectively. Dipping seeds method was the best followed by acupuncturing growing point method in chromosome doubling. [Conclusion] Suitable inducing and doubling methods could improve sweet corn breeding efficiency.