甘蓝杂种一代小型品种组合的筛选

Screening of mini-sized F_1 hybrid combination of cabbage

【目的】选育优质、抗病、商品性好、早熟的甘蓝杂种一代小型新品种,以丰富国内小型专用甘蓝品种市场。【方法】以胞质雄性不育系为母本、DH系为父本培育甘蓝杂种一代新组合,在甘蓝苗期和结球中期调查植株抗病性,在叶球成熟后测量球叶帮叶比、叶球紧实度、中心柱长、球叶生食品质等优质性,在叶球收获时统计植株农艺性状、小区产量等,筛选符合育种目标的品种。【结果】通过组合筛选比较试验,获得CMS85-124×DH10-249(CX06)和CMS85-124×DH12-19(CX07)杂种一代组合,其综合农艺性状和经济性状优良,符合甘蓝小型品种育种目标。CX06和CX07杂种一代组合叶球较小,单球质量分别为0.56和0.55kg,叶球呈圆球型,球叶帮叶比均小于30%,紧实度均在0.50以上,中心柱小于叶球高的1/2,生食品质脆嫩、较甜,高抗黑腐病和芜菁花叶病毒病(TuMV),产量分别为50 175和49 500kg/hm2,分别比对照秦甘50增产6.7%和5.3%。【结论】筛选的CMS85-124×DH10-249和CMS85-124×DH12-19 2个组合均为理想的甘蓝杂种一代小型品种,可进一步大面积生产示范。

[Objective] This paper cultivated new cabbage hybrids and made a comparative analysis to select good v.arieties and enrich the national market, [Method] Cytoplasmic male sterile line was used as female parents,DH line was used as male parents to investigate the disease resistance at seedling stage and middle of heading stage. Quality indexes such as petiole-leaf ratio, central axis, compactness, and raw-eaten quality at mature stage, and agronomic characters and plot yield at harvest were also analyzed. [Result] CMS85-124 X DH10-249 and CMS85-124 X DH12-19 cross combinations were obtained through the comparative analysis, and they both had good agronomic and economic characters. Their average head weights were 0.56 and 0.55 kg. They were both mini-sized and spheroidal and the central axis was less than half of the longitudinal diameter in both of them. The petiole-leaf ratio was less than 30% and the compactness was over 0.50. Their raw-eaten quality was crisp and sweet. They had many excellent characters such as resistant to TuMV and black rot. The average yields were 50 175 and 49 500 kg/hm^2 ,respectively,6.7% and 5.3% higher than that of Qingan 50. [Conclusion] The two selected combinations CMS85-124 × DH10-249 and CMS85-124 × DH12-19 were desired varieties and they can be used for production demonstration in large scale.