中国内战背景下的美国青岛驻军政策

The U.S. Policy of Maintaining Troops in Qingdao during China's Civil War

战后进驻青岛之美军虽对国共纷争遵循"不干预"原则,但因其在战略上有扶蒋抑共与制约苏联意图而招致中共反对,这并未对其造成实质影响,在国民党政府支持与配合下,驻青美军暂时获得合法地位。1948年3—12月间中国内战局势发生变化,青岛战略地位下降,美国政府不断调整驻军政策。1949年1—6月间根据内战局势之变化,美军撤离行动或缓或急。在此过程中,内战与驻军政策相互影响。驻军政策及其实施,表明美国外交现实主义最终占据上风。

Though the American forces stationed in Qingdao after World War II adhered to the principle of Mno intervention^ in the conflicts between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, the CCP opposed them because they intended to support Chiang Kai-shek, restrain the CCP, and restrict the Soviet Union. This opposition did not, however, substantially affect the American troops in Qingdao, and with KMT support, they temporarily achieved legal status. From March to December of 1948, the nature of the civil war changed and Qingdao’s strategic status declined, so the American government had to continually revise its troop deployment policies. From January to June of 1949, in accordance with changes in the civil war, the evacuation of American troops was sometimes slow and sometimes fast. During this process, the civil war and troop deployment policies interacted. These policies and their implementation indicate that American diplomatic realism eventually prevailed.