治权弱化抑或制度不匹配:转型期农业水利供给问题再分析

Weakening of Authority or Mismatching of Institutions: Reanalysis of the Agricultural Irrigation System in Transitional China

近年来,农业水利供给难题一直是学界关注的焦点,但原因何在却存在着争议。针对农村基层组织治理弱化导致农村水利供给困境的观点,本文通过对湖南西村水利供给制度变迁的案例分析,认为由人民公社时期遗留下来的传统集体供水制度不适应改革以来逐渐分化的小农生产状况,才是导致水利供给难题的根本原因。因此,不解决制度不匹配的问题,仅凭强化村庄权力的干预,很难满足农户的不同用水需求,更难以化解因水利供给所产生的村庄纠纷。以此为基础论文率先提出了构建适应农村小农生产的水利供给制度,以化解水利供给难题。

In recent years,the dilemma of agricultural irrigation system has been always the focus of academic studies. But for the causes of the dilemma,there exist many different opinions. Different with the viewpoint that the weakening of authority is the main cause of difficulties in rural irrigation system,this article argues that the mismatching of the collective irrigation system inheriting from the period of the People＇s Commune with the small- scale production mode starting from the reform is the fundamental cause of these problems by analyzing the institutional change of the irrigation system in Xi village of Hunan province. Hence,just through strengthening the power of the rural local government but not solving the problem of institutional mismatching,the different demands of peasants will not be satisfied simply and the disputes caused in the process of irrigation are even more difficult to settle. Based on these analyses,this article gives suggestions on establishing an irrigation system which can well adapt to the small- scale production mode and solve the problems in agricultural water supply.