西汉时期西北边疆的民族关系研究

A Study of the Ethnic Relations in the Northwest Borderland in the Western Han Dynasty

《汉书·西域传》将西域分为狭义西域和广义西域,汉王朝的西北边疆主要指狭义西域。整个西汉时期,国家战略重点在于防御北方匈奴的进攻,同时也为了抵御匈奴对西北边疆的控制。汉代西北边疆民族关系发展的基本态势,就由汉王朝与匈奴争夺对该地区的控制权,及西北边疆民族为了自己的基本利益,左右于汉王朝和匈奴之间的三方博弈关系构成。在这个历史过程中,汉王朝与乌孙、车师、鄯善(楼兰)、渠犁等民族的关系较为友好且紧密。王莽新朝建立之后,其错误的民族政策导致匈奴势力再次进入汉王朝的西北边疆,使西北边疆的民族关系变得更加复杂。

In the Hanshu Xiyu Chuan（ Record of the Western Regions in the History of the Han）,the Western Regions had both a broad sense and a narrow one,and the northwest borderland in the Han Dynasty referred mainly to the Western Regions in a narrow sense. Throughout the Western Han Dynasty,the national strategic focus was on the defense against the attacks by the Huns in the north and their control over the northwest borderland,so the basic development trend of the ethnic relations in the northwest borderland during the Han Dynasty was manifested as the trilateral game relationship,that is,the fight between the Han government and the Huns for the control power over the region,the swing of the ethnic groups in the northwest borderland between the two for their own basic interests. In this historical process,friendly and close relations were established between the Han government and such ethnic groups as Wusun,Cheshi,Shanshan（ Loulan） and Quli,but after the establishment of Wang Mang＇s new court,his improper policy towards the ethnic groups led to the Huns＇ forces reentering the northwest borderland in the Han Dynasty and made the ethnic relations there more complicated.