复方中草药制剂对杂交鳢生长性能和肉品质的影响

Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicines on growth performance and meat quality of hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂)

于饲料中分别添加5、10、15和20 g/kg的复方中草药制剂,以不添加为对照,饲喂杂交鳢(Channa maculata♀×Channa argus♂)7周,就复方中草药制剂对杂交鳢生长性能和肌肉品质的影响进行了研究.结果显示:除5 g/kg处理组外,复方中草药制剂各处理组均能增加杂交鳢的体质量和特定生长率,其中以20 g/kg处理组效果最好(P<0.05);各处理组对杂交鳢的内脏指数和脾脏指数无显著影响,但各处理组的肝脏指数均低于对照组;除5 g/kg处理组外,其余各处理组的肥满度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各处理组可显著降低杂交鳢的肌纤维直径(P<0.05);5和10 g/kg处理组肌肉滴水损失率比对照组下降了5.6%和8.9%,且差异显著(P<0.05);各处理组对杂交鳢肌肉的水分、灰分和粗蛋白质量分数无显著影响,但能显著降低其肌肉和肝脏粗脂肪的质量分数(P<0.05);同时还可不同程度地提高肌肉总游离氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的质量分数,且差异显著(P<0.05).由此表明,饲料中添加高剂量(20 g/kg)的复方中草药制剂可促进杂交鳢的生长,减少肌肉和内脏脂肪的沉积;添加中、低剂量(10、5 g/kg)的复方中草药制剂则有利于增加杂交鳢肌肉的总游离氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸质量分数,降低滴水损失率,减小肌纤维直径,提高杂交鳢的肌肉品质.

Experimental diets with 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg compound Chinese herbal medicines （ cCMs）, with no added for comparison, were used to feed hybrid snakehead for 7 weeks, and that the effects of cCMs on growth performance and meat quality were investigated. The results showed that in addition- to the 5 g/kg treatment group, the body mass and special growth rate of each cCMs treatment group in- creased, of which the 20 g/kg treatment group achieved the best effect （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Organs index and spleen index were not significantly different among the groups, while the liver index of each treatment group was lower than that of control group. The condition factor of each treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group except the 5 g/kg treatment group （P 〈 0. 05）. The muscle fiber diameter of hybrid snakehead for each treatment group significantly decreased （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Muscle drip loss rate of 5 and 10 g/kg treatment group decreased by 5.6% and 8.9%, respectively, compared with of control group, and difference between both was significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. No significant difference in muscle moisture, crude ash content and crude protein mass fraction was observed between the groups, but the crude fat mass fraction of muscle and liver were significantly lower than that of control group （P 〈0. 05 ） ; meanwhile the mass fraction of total free amino acid （TFAA） and flavor amino acid （FAA） with significant difference （P 〈 0. 05） were increased in different degrees. These results suggested that high level of cCMs in diet （20 g/kg） could enhance growth and reduce lipid deposition in muscle and visceral for hybrid snakeheads, while low and middle levels （ 10, 5 g/kg） were helpful in increasing TFAA and FAA mass fraction of muscle, reducing muscle drop loss rate and decreasing muscle fiber diameter, so as to improve the meat quality of hybrid snakehead.