温度对双委夜蛾实验种群生长发育及繁殖的影响

Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of Athetis dissimilis(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

【目的】双委夜蛾Athetis dissimilis（Hampson）是近几年在中国大陆新发现的农业害虫,与二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone（Mschler）形态相似,危害特点相同。明确温度对其生长发育的影响,对该害虫的预测预报和有效防控具有重要的指导意义。【方法】在光周期16L∶8D,RH 70%±10%的实验室条件下,设置17,21,25,29和33℃5个恒定温度,饲喂人工饲料,研究温度对双委夜蛾发育历期、死亡率及繁殖的影响,并计算各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。【结果】在17~33℃范围内,双委夜蛾均可以完成整个世代,各虫态发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;17和21℃下,双委夜蛾幼虫有7个龄期,而25℃以上时幼虫只有6个龄期。25℃下双委夜蛾死亡率最低（21.00%）,单雌产卵量最高（763.95粒）。整个世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为9.38℃和1 015.36日·度。雌雄虫寿命和产卵期随温度的升高逐渐缩短,且各温度下雌虫寿命均较雄虫长,性比（雄雌比）均在1.18~1.20之间。【结论】25℃是双委夜蛾实验种群生长发育和繁殖的适宜温度。

【Aim】Athetis dissimilis（ Hampson） is an agricultural pest newly found in China's Mainland in recent years, and has similar morphology and the same damage characteristics as Athetis lepigone（ Mschler）. This study aims to explore the effects of temperature on the growth and development of A.dissimilis so as to provide a basis for its population monitoring and management. 【Methods 】 In the laboratory（ photoperiod 16L∶ 8D,RH 70% ± 10%）,the developmental duration,mortality,fecundity of A. dissimilis were studied,and the developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature were calculated at five different temperatures（ 17,21,25,29 and 33℃）. 【Results】A.dissimilis could complete its life cycle within the constant temperature ranging from 17 to 33℃,and the developmental duration decreased with the temperature increasing. At 17 and 21℃,larvae pupated after the 7th instar,while above 25℃ larvae just had 6 instars. The lowest mortality（ only 21. 00%） emerged at 25℃. The number of eggs laid per female was 763. 95 at 25℃,which was higher than those at other temperatures. The developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of the whole generation were 9. 38℃ and 1 015. 36 degree-days,respectively. The duration of male and female adults and the oviposition period decreased with the temperature increasing in the range of 17- 33℃,and the longevity of female adults was longer than that of males. At the five temperatures,the sex ratios（ male to female） were all between 1. 18 and 1. 20. 【Conclusion】The optimal temperature for the development and reproduction of A. dissimilis is 25℃.