利率市场化背景下城商行经营分析——基于50家城商行的考察

The Performance Analysis of City Commercial Banks under the Background of Interest Rate Liberalization——Based on Reports of 50 City Commercial Banks

本文基于国内50家城商行2009—2014年的财务数据,从资产负债结构、盈利特征、盈利能力、资产质量四个主要层面,分析利率市场化对城商行经营绩效的影响。从资产负债结构来看,城商行资金来源结构中存款的比重明显下降,而非存款负债比重上升,为匹配负债成本的刚性攀升,城商行资产配置风险偏好上升,贷款在总资产中的比重持续下降;从收入结构看,提升非息收入占比成为多数城商行的策略选择,但非息收入的增长短期内仍难以改变营业收入增幅下滑的趋势,城商行盈利能力明显下降;伴随资产及客户结构的调整,城商行信用风险也不断上升,资产质量下滑。国内城商行需强化实施客户聚焦战略,培育比较优势,加强资产负债及流动性精细化管理,提升成本效率管理、保持盈利能力。

Based on the financial data of 50 city commercial banks in China from 2009 to 2014, this paper explores the effect of interest rate liberalization on the performance of city commercial banks by dividing the operating performance into four aspects, namely, the asset-liability structure, profit characteristics, profitability and asset quality. The results show that the narrowed gap between deposit and loan interest caused by interest rate liberalization will increase rate of non deposit liability and non loan asset and cause the rise of credit risk. Meanwhile, as the profitability decrease, non-interest income ratio of city commercial banks gradually increases. However, the growth of non-interest income in the short term is still difficult to change the declining trend of the business income. City commercial banks need to strengthen the implementation of customer-focused strategy and foster the comparative advantages, strengthen the asset liability and liquidity management, improve the cost efficiency management to maintain profitability.