研究生教育中的依法治校问题

University Governance by Law in Graduate Education

高校依法治校应独立于政府依法治教,其核心意涵是高校依国家法行政,并按良好的"学校法"治理。在研究生教育领域,高校不少工作属于法律法规授权的行政行为。从近年来出现的一些问题来看,高校研究生教育依法行政特别需要进一步依法规范研究生招生复试、学籍管理、信息公开等工作。除了学科设置、学风建设、学位授予等之外,高校应通过校内制度拓展学术权力主导研究生教育的治理范围,例如招生规则、导师遴选、研究生评奖评优等工作。学术权力所涉及的实体问题属于高校自主权范畴,排除包括政府和法院在内的外部审查。但学术权力也应遵循程序法治的原则,在程序问题上接受司法审查。

Independent of government＇s education governance by law, managing universities by law has the core implication that universities should be governed by state laws and administered by sound college regulations. In graduate education, most work is authorized by law as administrative acts. In view of problems in recent years, administration by law in graduate education requires further normalizing such work as re-examination, status management, and information disclosure. Apart from subject setting, academic atmosphere construction and degree awarding, universities should extend the scope of academically-dominant graduate education management by school regulations to work like admission, supervision selection, scholarship and award decision and so on. The substantial matters concerned with academic power are part of university autonomy, excluding the external review from government or court. But academic power also needs to follow principles of procedural law and is subject to the judicial review of procedures.