美国博士生教育面临的新时代使命及其改革策略

Missions and Reform Strategies for America's Doctoral Education in the New Era

21世纪以来,美国博士生教育在持续发展的同时,也面临新的时代使命:培养属于"世界公民"的博士生;积蓄力量增强博士生教育的全球吸引力;肩负提升博士生教育创新力与竞争力的重任。这为未来美国博士生教育的改革提供了很好的思路和契机。总体而言,美国博士生教育的改革策略主要表现在三个方面,即构建知识共同体,推动"面向世界"的博士生培养;加强财政支持力度,确保博士生教育的全球吸引力与竞争力;明晰多方问责职责,增强博士生教育发展的创新性与有效性。

With the continuous development in the 21st century, American doctoral education faces different missions in the new era： eultivating ＂world citizen＂ doetoral students, gathering strength to increase global appeal, and improving doctoral education innovation and competitiveness. Overall, strategies for the American doctoral education reform are embodied in three aspects： building an intellectual community to promote the cultivation of world-oriented doctoral students; strengthening financial support to ensure global appeal and competitiveness;clarifying multi-accountability responsibility to improve innovation and effectiveness in doctoral education development.