河南省设施蔬菜连作障碍现状调查与分析

Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Facilities Vegetables in Henan:Investigation and Analysis

为进一步了解河南省设施蔬菜连作障碍的发生和防治情况,笔者调查了河南省17个地市93个乡(镇)的96个合作社(园区、村)。结果表明,河南省设施蔬菜茬口安排及蔬菜种类呈现多样化,设施蔬菜连作年限大都在5年以上,最长连作年限达30年。设施蔬菜连作3年以上即开始表现连作障碍现象,而且连作障碍棚室的比例及严重程度随连作年限的延长而增加。设施蔬菜土传病害发生最为严重,其中大棚根结线虫病发病率达84.6%,日光温室达56.9%。除土传病害外,土壤养分失衡和土壤次生盐渍化也普遍发生,土壤自毒作用、板结和酸化等发生相对较轻。笔者总结了河南省各地设施蔬菜连作障碍防治的主要措施,并分析了调查中发现的几个重要问题,提出了河南省设施蔬菜连作障碍防控的几点建议。

96 cooperatives （agricultural garden, village） of 93 townships of 17 cities in Henan were investigated to understand the occurrence and prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables. The results showed that： crops in the arrangements and vegetable species of facility vegetables in Henan were diversified, vegetables＇ continuous cropping years were more than 5 a, the longest continuous cropping years were 30 a; when the continuous cropping of facility vegetables were more than 3 a, vegetables showed continuous cropping obstacle, and the proportion of shed and greenhouse with continuous cropping obstacle and the severity increased with the extension of continuous cropping years; soil borne diseases of facility vegetables occurred most seriously, in which the incidence rate of root knot nematode disease was 84.6%, and that in greenhouse was 56.9%; except for soil borne disease, the imbalance of soil nutrients and soil secondary salinization also commonly occurred, the soil-self toxicity, soil crust, acidification occurred relatively light. The main measures of prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles for protecting facility vegetables in Henan were summarized, and several important problems found in the survey were analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward.