昆明城区大学校园与公园绿地植物组成研究

Study on Plant Species Composition of Campuses and Park Green Spaces in Kunming City

城市绿地植物组成反映城市的自然环境背景、人工管护和文化内涵。根据线路调查法记录昆明城区9个大学校园和13个公园绿地的植物物种数据,比较研究大学校园和公园绿地的植物组成。结果表明:在总面积1 169.93 hm^2的22个绿地中,共记录到维管束植物143科448属716种,包括被子植物129科419属663种,其中,校园植物649种,公园植物374种;生长型分析显示草本居多、乔木较少,草本、乔木、灌木和藤本植物分别占总物种数的46.51%、27.79%、22.49%和3.21%,乔木比重在公园绿地中较高(33.69%)、在校园绿地中低(28.35%)、在新建校园绿地中最低(27.47%);物种产地分析显示:外来植物在总物种数、校园物种数和公园物种数中的比例分别为39.25%、38.52%和41.44%,绿地建设使热带成分增加、温带成分减少,增加冻害风险。校园绿地植物物种配置,除绿化美化外,还在一定程度上体现了服务教学与科研文化内涵。

Plant species composition in urban green spaces reflects the natural environment background, human management and cultural connotation of a city. The plant species of green spaces in Kunming City was studied, based on the field data collected by route survey records from 9 university campuses and 13 public parks, with a total area of 1 169. 93 hm2. It was recorded a total of 143 families, 448 genera and 716 species of vascular plants, including 129 families, 419 genera and 663 species of angiosperms, of which, 649 species in the campuses and 374 species in the parks. In terms of growth form, it was showed more herb plants in the species composition, of the total species recorded, the herbs, trees, shrubs and vines respectively accorded for 46. 51% , 27.79%, 22. 49% and 3.21%. Proportion of trees in the parks （33.69%） was higher than that in the campuses （28.35%）, it went down to the lowest （27.47%） in the new campuses. In terms of species origin, the proportion of alien plants in the total species, campus species and park species were 39. 25%, 38.52% and 41.44%, respectively. Urban green spaces construction led the increase of the tropical composition and the decrease of the temperate composition. In addition to the roles of afforestation and beautification, plant species configuration in the campus green spaces, reflects the culture service for teaching and scientific research, to a certain extent.