福建宁德花椰菜和槟榔芋施肥指标体系研究与应用

Study on the Indexes of Fertilizer Recommendation for Broccoli and Binglang Taro in Ningde,Fujian Province

为了解花椰菜和槟榔芋氮磷钾施肥效应及施肥指标体系,本研究在福建宁德有关县(市)开展了21个花椰菜和24个槟榔芋"3414"肥效试验。结果表明:随着土壤地力等别下降,土壤对花椰菜产量贡献率由(56.6±7.6)%降至(35.4±12.8)%,花椰菜施氮肥增产率、施磷肥增产率、施钾肥增产率分别由(41.9±19.0)%升至(60.5±12.9)%、由(6.7±3.0)%升至(19.3±4.6)%、由(11.7±6.2)%升至(19.4±7.0)%,土壤对槟榔芋产量贡献率由(59.4±8.8)%降至(46.9±11.3)%,槟榔芋施氮肥增产率、施磷肥增产率、施钾肥增产率分别由(30.1±13.5)%升至(49.1±10.5)%、由(9.0±3.0)%升至(11.3±12.5)%、由(16.8±6.5)%升至(21.2±11.5)%。花椰菜和槟榔芋平均施肥增产率是氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。指数模型或对数模型为花椰菜和槟榔芋缺素区相对产量与对应土壤养分测定值之间的最佳模型;花椰菜N、P_2O_5、K2O的推荐用量分别为(304±50)、(113±37)、(271±93)kg/hm^2,槟榔芋N、P_2O_5、K2O的推荐用量分别为(271±51)、(113±21)、(250±55)kg/hm^2。土壤养分测试值与对应氮肥、磷肥、钾肥推荐用量之间满足对数函数或直线函数关系,从而实现利用土壤养分测试值预测推荐施肥用量的指导目的。

In order to understand the NPK fertilization effect and index of fertilizer recommendation for broccoli and Binglang taro in Ningde, this study was carried out in 21 groups broccoli and 24 groups Binglang taro ＂3414＂ fertilizer experiment. The results showed that, with the lower level of soil fertility, the effects of soil on the yield of vegetable, the contribution rate of soil on broccoli yield reduced from （56. 6 ±7.6）% to （35.4 ± 12. 8）% ; nitrogen production rate of broccoli rose from （41.9 ± 19.0） % to （60. 5 ± 12.9 ） %, phosphate fertilizer production rate rose from （6.7 ± 3.0） % to （ 19. 3 ±4.6）%, potassium fertilizer production rate rose from （ 11.7 ± 6. 2）% to （ 19.4 ± 7.0）% ; the contribution rate of soil on Binglang taro yield reduced from （59.4 ±8.8） % to （46.9 ± 11.3） % ; the Binglang taro fertilizer production rate rose from （30. 1 ± 13.5）% to （49. 1 ± 10. 5）%, phosphate fertilizer production rate rose from （9.0 ± 3.0）% to （11.3± 12. 5 ）%, potassium fertilizer production rate rose from （16.8 ±6. 5）% to （21.2 ± 11.5）% ; fertilization and yield increase rates were N 〉 P2 O5 〉 K2O. The best calibration curve model between relative yield of no nitrogen experimental plot and soil organic matter test values was exponential model or logarithmic model. The doses of N, P2 O5, K2O for cauliflower were （304 ± 50）, K2O for Binglang taro were （304 ±50） soil testing values and dose of N, P205 which could be used to predict dose of （113 ±37）, （271 ±93） kg/hm2, the doses of N, P2O5, （113 ±37）, （271 ±93） kg/hm2. The relationship between K2O were in line with logarithmic function or linear function, N, P2O5, K2O by means of soil testing values.