国内外植物检疫体系研究及对中国的启示

Plant Quarantine System at Home and Abroad and Implications for China

为了健全中国植物检疫体系、充分发挥植物检疫在农业生产和贸易中的作用,总结了国际植物保护公约组织、区域性植物保护组织、TBT/SPS协议和检疫双边协定的现状。同时,重点从机构设置、法律法规及标准方面阐述了美国、欧盟、日本和澳大利亚等发达国家和组织的植物检疫体系及其特点,并且对中国目前的植物检疫体系进行了归纳,结合中国实际情况,在完善植物检疫性法律法规和标准体系、推进有害生物风险分析,加强检验检疫项目合作,积极参与国际标准的制定等方面提出了建议,更好地保护中国农产品国际贸易。

In order to improve plant quarantine system and give full play to the role of plant quarantine inagricultural production and trade, an overview of the International Plant Protection Convention（IPPC）, regionalplant protection organizations, TBT/SPS agreement and quarantine bilateral agreement were presented in thispaper. Meanwhile, the content and characteristics of the phytosanitary system of developed countries andorganizations such as the United States, the European Union, Japan and Australia were described from theperspectives of institution setting, legal system and standards. The current situation of plant quarantine inChina was also summarized. Combining with the actual situation in China, the authors proposed to improve theplant quarantine laws and standard system, promote the pest risk analysis, build and strengthen thecoordination of the various inspection and quarantine projects and actively participate in formulatinginternational standards for better protection of China＇s international trade of agricultural products.