追肥时期与肥料种类对夏玉米产量及水肥利用率的影响

Effects of Topdressing Fertilizer Stage and Types on Yield of Summer Maize Varieties and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency

旨在探明晋南小麦玉米一年两熟制下夏玉米合理追肥时期和追肥种类。采用裂裂区设计,研究了追肥时期(拔节期和喇叭口期)和追肥种类(尿素+磷酸二铵,仅追尿素)对不同夏玉米品种产量及水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,主区、裂区和再裂区的产量方差分析均达极显著水平,穗粒数和百粒重是影响夏玉米产量的主要因素。4个夏玉米品种平均产量、氮肥表观利用率均为‘先玉335’>‘强盛51’>‘临玉3号’>‘浚单20’,籽粒水分利用效率为‘强盛51’>‘先玉335’>‘临玉3号’>‘浚单20’。对于高产夏玉米品种‘先玉335’和‘强盛51’,拔节期追施尿素和磷酸二铵产量及水肥利用率均高于单追尿素;大喇叭口期追施尿素产量及水肥利用率则高于尿素和磷酸二铵配施。因此,晋南小麦玉米一年两熟制下,拔节期一次性追肥应选用尿素和磷酸二铵配施,大喇叭口期一次性追肥应选用尿素单施,可获得夏玉米高产高效。

This study aimed to explore rational wheat-maize double cropping system in south topdressing fertilizer stage and types for summer maize in of Shanxi Province. Effects of topdressing fertilizer stage （jointing stage and bell stage）, and topdressing fertilizer types （urea and diammonium phosphate, and only urea） on the yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency of different summer maize varieties were studied, using split- split plot design. Results showed that, the variances of main plot, split plot and split-split plot were significant. The kernel number and 100-grain weight were the key factors affecting the yield of summer maize. Average yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency （NFUE） of four 51＇ 〉＇Linyu No.3＇ 〉＇Xundan 20＇. Water use efficienc maize varieties were ＇Xianyu 335＇ 〉＇Qiangsheng y （WUE） of grain was ＇ Qiangsheng 51＇ 〉＇ Xianyu 335＇ 〉＇ Linyu No.3＇ 〉＇Xundan 20＇. For high-yield summer maize variety ＇ Xianyu 335＇ and ＇ Qiangsheng 51 ＇, WUE and NFUE with topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate at jointing stage were higher than those of topdress efficiency higher ing urea only. But topdressing urea at bell stage made the yield and water and fertilizer use than those of topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate. In wheat-maize double cropping system topdress of south of Shanxi Province, topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate at jointing stage or ing urea at bell stage can achieve high yield and high efficiency of summer maize.