滨海盐碱旱地植棉新模式研究初报

New Cotton Planting Pattern in Coastal Saline-alkali Dry Soil

为了探索滨海盐碱旱地棉花节水抑盐保苗增产新技术,在环渤海盐碱旱作区中度盐碱地条件下,以常规植棉模式为对照,研究了Ⅴ型沟覆膜保苗技术、窄幅撒播植棉模式的节水抑盐保苗效果及对不同时期耕层土壤p H、土壤盐分含量、干物质积累、三桃比例、叶面积指数、形态特征和产量性状的影响。研究结果表明：V型沟与撒播植棉模式改变了耕层土壤的盐离子分布,土壤p H增加3.3%~5.1%,苗期膜内地表下0~20 cm土层含盐量降低23.9%~48.5%,减缓了盐碱干旱对棉苗的胁迫。V型沟模式增加伏桃促进了早熟性,增产6.8%,显著提升了盐碱旱地棉花的增产能力;撒播植棉模式可加快棉苗发育,增加叶面积指数,提高生殖器官比例。探索滨海盐碱旱地植棉新模式可以为盐碱障碍耕地的开发利用及棉花产业的战略东移提供技术保障。

In order to explore the new technology of cotton planting to save water, restrain salt, protect seedlingand increase yield in coastal saline- alkali dry soil, the effect of V type ditch filming pattern and narrowbroadcast sowing pattern was studied and the influences of the two planting patterns on soil p H, salt content,dry mater accumulation, bolls proportion, leaf area index, morphological characteristic and yield traits wereinvestigated, taking the convention planting pattern as CK. The results showed that the two new patternschanged saline ions distribution in surface soil, soil p H increased by 3.3%-5.1%, the salt content in the soillayer of 0-20 cm under film reduced by 23.9%- 48.5%, which retarded saline-alkali and dry stress on cottonseedling. The V type ditch filming pattern could increase boll numbers in hot summer days and promote theprematurity of cotton, which increased the yield by 6.8% and significantly enhanced the production increaseability of cotton in saline-alkali dry soil; narrow broadcast sowing pattern could accelerate seedling growth,increase LAI and improve the proportion of reproductive organs. The research could provide technical supportfor the development and utilization of saline-alkali dry soil and the eastward shift strategy of cotton industry.