陇东旱塬苹果园土壤主要肥力性状研究

Soil Fertility of Apple Orchards in Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu Province

为探明陇东旱塬区苹果园土壤主要肥力性状的空间变化规律及其影响因素,采用农化分析法和比较法对陇东旱塬31个代表性果园土壤10个主要肥力性状进行测试分析,研究结果表明：果园土壤p H和吸湿水含量与大田土壤相似,且果园间表现稳定;土壤有机质和氮素营养水平偏低;土壤全磷和速效磷表现正常;土壤全钾、速效钾和水溶性钙含量普遍处于高位水平。不同果园间除吸湿水和全钾含量属弱度变异外,其他养分含量变异系数14.33%~56.77%,均属中度变异。上下土层间,土壤水溶性钙和吸湿水含量大多表现为上层低于下层,土壤p H呈交错分布,其他养分含量大多表现为上层高于下层。增加土壤有机质,调节根际土壤生态环境,适氮、稳磷、控钾、以水调钙等是陇东旱塬苹果园土壤管理的重点。

The spatial variation and its influencing factors of main fertility traits in apple orchard soil wereestimated in loess plateau of eastern Gansu Province. 10 fertility traits from soil of 31 representative orchardswere tested. Chemical analysis and comparing method were adopted. The results showed that orchard soil p Hand hygroscopic water content had little difference among the orchards, and were similar to that of the fieldsoil. Soil organic matter and nitrogen nutrition level were relatively low. Soil total phosphorus and availablephosphorus were normal. Soil total potassium, available potassium and water soluble calcium content weregenerally at a high level. Hygroscopic water and soil total potassium content of different orchards had a weakvariation. Other nutrients content belonged to a moderate variation, and the variation coefficient was 14.33%-56.77%. Between the upper and lower soil layer, water soluble calcium and hygroscopic water content of theupper layer were lower than that of the lower layer, but other nutrients content presented a contrary trend. So,we suggest that the focus of apple orchard soil management is to increase soil organic matter, regulate soilecological environment of rhizosphere, stabilize nitrogen content, increase phosphorus content, limit theapplication amount of potassium compare, and regulate calcium by water and so on.