供给侧改革:依靠市场实现产业升级——历史回顾与未来展望

Supply-side Reform: Implementing the Industry Upgrading by Means of Market——Review of the Past and Future Prospect

回顾供给侧改革的理论发展和英、法、德、日等国的政策实践发现:长期来看,一国经济社会发展必须兼顾供给侧和需求侧两端,不可偏废;供给侧改革的重点是依靠市场机制实现产业升级,不可偏离。目前,我国经济在增长方式、产业结构、区域发展、市场失灵、社会公平等方面存在诸多问题。供给侧改革应当遵循三个基本原则:调动个人的工作和创业积极性;运用市场机制推动资源的合理配置,同时不忽视市场的失灵;发展教育,增加人力资本积累。供给侧改革的具体内容包括转变经济增长方式,尊重市场的区域发展规划,尊重市场的产业和产品升级政策,尊重市场的农业发展政策,建立诚信和竞争的市场,完善劳动市场,改革国有企事业制度和促进社会公平。发挥市场机制的积极作用和政府调控的正确作用需要公正的社会环境,中国未来的全方位转型应从需求侧和供给侧同时发力,积极主动地推进全面改革。

The paper reviews the theoretical development of the supply-side reforms from the perspective of the history of economics and policy practice of England,France,Germany and Japan. It is found that in terms of a country's economic and social development,we must give equal importance and consideration to both sides of the supply and the demand which can not be neglected in the long run. The focus of supply-side reforms rely on the market mechanism to realize the upgrading of industrial structure,which can not be deviated from. At present,there are many problems existing in China's economic growth models,industrial structure,regional development,market failure,social equity and so on. Supply-side reforms should follow three basic principles: mobilizing individual work and entrepreneurial enthusiasm; employing the market mechanisms to promote reasonable configuration of resources,instead of ignoring the market failure; developing education as a way to increase the accumulation of manpower. The specific contents of the supply-side reforms include changing the mode of economic growth,then showing respect for regional development planning of the market,the market industry and upgrading policy of product and agricultural development policy of market to establish competitive market with credibility and improve the labor market. The reform of state-owned enterprises and institutions is promoted to improve social justice. A fair social environment is prerequisite to giving free rein to the positive role of market mechanism and government regulation. China's full range of transformation in the near future should be promoted from both the demand side and the supply side at the same time, so as to actively improve the comprehensive reform.