高丽时期汉诗兴隆之中国文化与文学影响因素探源

The Influence of Chinese Culture and Literature on the Prosperity of Poetry in Koryǒ Dynasty

作为朝鲜古典汉诗歌发展史上第一个高峰,高丽五百年文坛的汉诗创作一派繁盛。究其外在原因,与中国文化、文学交流是一个不可或缺的关键因素。高丽效仿唐代而施行的科举制激发了高丽士子学习汉诗的热情,由之而兴起的私学制度又为他们学习汉诗提供了最佳学习平台;高丽时期汉诗的兴隆还得益于对儒释道三家思想的吸收与融通,形成了儒家思想影响占据主导、释道思想影响为辅的三位一体的汉诗主题意蕴格局;中国的书法、绘画、音乐、雕塑等艺术对高丽汉诗发展的作用也不容忽视。高丽、中国两国间文人和文学交流对高丽汉诗的兴盛也起了积极的促进作用。

As the first peak in the history of the development of the classical Chinese Poetry in Korea, the five hundred years of Chinese poetry creation in Koryǒ Dynasty was very flourishing. Exploring its external causes, Korean literati＇s Communication with Chinese culture and literature is an indispensable factor. From a perspective of culture, the imperial examination system that imitating the model of the Tang Dynasty implemented by the Koryǒ Dynasty stimulated the literati＇s enthusiasm of learning Chinese poetry, and the rise of the private schools with the imperial examination system also provides the best platform for them to learn Chinese poetry. Besides, the prosperity of the Chinese Poetry in the Koryǒ Dynasty benefited from the absorption and integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and formed the pattern of poetry implication of the trinity of the dominant influence of Confucianism supplemented by Buddhism and Taoism. What＇s more, the role of calligraphy, painting, music, sculpture and other Chinese art to the development of the Chinese Poetry in the Koryǒ Dynasty should also be taken into account. In terms of literature, literary exchanges between Korean literati and Chinese literati had played a positive role in promoting the development of the Chinese Poetry in the Koryǒ Dynasty.