长期照护供需失衡的政策分析

Policy Analysis on the Imbalance between Supply and Demand of Long-term Care

构建长期照护保险是"十三五"规划的重要任务。这其中长期照护服务的供给尤其值得关注。随着老龄化的深入发展,对长期照护的需求快速增长;但在供给方面却存在严重的供需不匹配。本文基于案例调查,对长期照护供需失衡的原因进行了分析,公立养老机构效率低下、部门条块分割以及养老机构难以降低的劳动力投入是导致当前长期照护服务供需失衡的根本性原因。解决这一问题的有效措施在于实现养老机构间的公平竞争,打破部门间的行政壁垒,以及充分利用非正规就业人群解决劳动力短缺问题。

The construction of long-term care insurance is an important task during the period of＂13th Five-Year Plan＂. The supplies of long-term care services are particularly worthy of attention. With further population aging, the demands for long-term care are growing rapidly. However, there is serious mismatch in demands-supplies in the supply side with some beds not been occupied. In this paper, based on case studies, the mains reasons for the imbalance between supplies and demands in long-term care are analyzed, which include that the effi ciency in public aged care institutions is low, the related sectors are isolated, and the aged care institutions is diffi cult to reduce labor force input. The eff ective measures to solve these problems are to promote the fair competition among the aged care organizations, to break the administrative barriers between departments, and to make full use of the informal workers to solve the problem of labor force shortage.