新生儿黄疸高独立危险因素分析

Multiple factors analysis of clinical factors of neonatal jaundice

目的：探讨预测新生儿黄疸的危险因素，为临床提供参考。方法选取2010年1月至2014年12月诊断为新生儿黄疸的患儿462例作为实验组，均符合《实用新生儿学》新生儿病理性黄疸诊断标准，选取同期入院检查的健康儿童500例作为对照组。采用χ2检验、多因素 Logistic 回归分析确定新生儿黄疸发生的独立危险因素。结果实验组和对照组性别、体质量、牛初乳、出生时窒息、产妇年龄、孕妇职业类型及母亲职业比较差异有统计学意义（P 均〈0.05）。实验组和对照组母乳喂养、母乳喂养开始时间、出生时头部异常、出生时损伤、产妇分娩次数、分娩前1周阴道出血、分娩前1周发烧、家庭人均收入、母亲文化程度、父亲文化程度及父亲职业比较差异未见统计学意义（P 均〉0.05）。将相关变量进行 Logistic 回归分析，结果表明，男性（OR =2.59，95% CI =2.13-8.63，P =0.033）、体质量（OR =4.92，95% CI =2.55-17.92，P =0.004）、出生时窒息（OR =7.13，95% CI =1.62-7.81，P =0.041）、产妇年龄（OR =1.82，95% CI =1.87-13.49，P =0.021）和孕妇职业类型（OR =5.99，95% CI =1.91-9.80， P =0.014）是影响新生儿黄疸的独立危险因素。结论本研究提示性别男、出生时体质量、出生时窒息、产妇年龄和孕妇职业类型是影响新生儿黄疸的独立危险因素。

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for neonatal jaundice,and provide the refer-ence for clinic. Methods Four hundred and sixty-two children of neonatal jaundice from January 2010 to December 2014 were selected as the study group,the 500 cases of healthy children were selected as the normal control group. The children were recorded including information related to cases and parameters,χ2 tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified independent risk factors for newborn jaun-dice. Results The children’s gender,body weight,bovine colostrum,asphyxia,maternal age,mater-nal occupation and maternal occupationin of the two groups were significantly different（P 〈 0. 05）. The breastfeeding,breastfeeding start time,born with the head of the abnormal,birth injury,maternal deliv-ery times,before a week vaginal bleeding,before the birth of a week fever,family per capita income, mother cultural degree,cultural degree of father and father’s occupation had no significant differences between the two groups（P 〉 0. 05）. The Logistic regression analysis of related variables results showed that male（OR = 2. 59,95% CI = 2. 13-8. 63,P = 0. 033）,weight（OR = 4. 92,95% CI = 2. 55-17. 92,＆amp;nbsp;P = 0. 004）,asphyxia at birth（OR = 7. 13,95% CI = 1. 62-7. 81,P = 0. 041）,maternal age（OR =1. 82,95% CI = 1. 87 - 13. 49,P = 0. 021）and maternal occupational type（ OR = 5. 99,95% CI =1. 91 - 9. 80,P = 0. 014）was the independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice. Conclusions Our find-ings indicate that male,birth weight,birth asphyxia,maternal age and maternal occupational types are independent risk factors for neonatal jaundice.