黑色地膜对马铃薯产量及土壤质量的影响

Effect of black film mulching on potato yield and soil quality

在半湿润的南京地区,以微型马铃薯荷兰七号为指示作物,采用平地起垄覆膜的种植方式,分别选用黑色地膜(BM)与普通白色地膜(WM)做比较,并以不覆膜的平地作为对照(CK),分析不同处理对微型马铃薯生理指标、产量以及种植区土壤质量的影响.发现BM处理下微型马铃薯的淀粉质量分数和产量最高,较WM处理增产31.1%,较CK增产43.7%;覆膜处理显著降低了耕层土壤的速效钾质量分数,BM处理下耕层土壤的速效磷质量分数最低,但土壤铵态氮与硝态氮质量分数显著高于其他处理;覆膜处理有效提高了微型马铃薯出苗期的耕层土壤含水量,BM处理下微型马铃薯生育期内的表层土壤温度明显低于WM,且高于对照,对微型马铃薯的生长更有利.

The effect of black film mulching on potato nutrient,yield as well as soil quality is studied in Nanjing,with potato variety of Helan No. 7 as test material. Three treatments were designed during potato growth,including ridges mulched with black plastic film（ BM）,ridges mulched with commonly used white film（ WM）,and nonmulched（ CK） flatland as control. The results show that the black film mulching significantly increases the tuber starch content and potato yield,and changes soil quality as well. The potato yield of BM treatment is 31. 1% and43. 7% higher than that of WM and CK,respectively.The content of available potassium in topsoil is lower in the two film mulching treatments; the content of available phosphorus is lowest,while the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are highest in deep soil in BM treatment.The mulching treatment,especially with black film,improves soil environment such as topsoil water content and temperature,which favors the growth of miniature potato.