吴敬梓《风》、《雅》正变二重论辨义

Analysis of Wu Ching-tzu's Dualist View on Theory of “Feng Ya Zheng Bian”

"《风》、《雅》正变"是中国传统诗经学的重要理论,古来争议颇多。清代文学家吴敬梓在《文木山房诗说》这部笔记体著作中,提出了《风》、《雅》之诗的"正变"应从音乐与政治两个层面理解的观点,认为"正变"原本在于乐律而非词句,古乐失传之后则应就每首诗的"美刺"立论,而不应拘于世次。这一观点将正变论的理论来源与其在诗经学发展中的实际功用分开来看,综合考虑先秦诗乐演变历程与强调诗歌政治功能的诗学传统,是清代诗经学理论中很有特色的说法,具有较高的理论价值。

＂Feng Ya Zheng Bian＂ is an important and contentious theory in the field of traditional study on the Book of Songs. In the book Poetry Talks of Wenmu Country Study, Wu Ching-tzu, a famous writer in the Qing dynasty, pointed out that the theory of ＂Feng Ya Zheng Bian＂ should be understood in two aspects： music and politics. He considered that the ＂Zheng Bian＂ originally was about the music instead of diction of songs, and when the music notes were lost, it should be understood according to the political will of each song instead of creative era of songs. This point distinguished the theoretical sources and social function of the ＂Zheng Bian＂ theory, comprehensively considered the evolution process of music in the Pre-Qin period and the poetic tradition which emphasized on political functions, was distinctive and valuable.