从技术标准化的历史演变看产业内涵的变迁

Evolution of the Value of Industry in Terms of the Historical Evolution of the Standardization of Technology

回顾历史可以发现,技术标准和产业的内涵随时代的变化而呈现出不断发展的过程,标准化与产业化之间存在着历史性的同步关系。古代,技术标准化以度量衡为主,满足于农业和手工业的需求,产业的财富拥有内涵尤为显著;近代,技术标准化以零件互换为主,适应于工业革命之后工业化机器大生产的制造业要求,产业的价值增殖内涵最为明显;现代,技术标准化以技术使用、质量和管理等综合体系认证为主,以适应全球化经济贸易秩序建立和知识经济所带来的新兴产业的需求,产业内涵表现为以知识流和价值流为基础的生态系统。从技术标准化的历史演变角度分析产业内涵的结构性变迁,有助于挖掘产业的社会意义。

Technological standard and the value of industry are different in different times. Standardization and in- dustrialization develop synchronically in history. In ancient times, technology standardization is mainly manifested in weights and measures, which satisfies the agricultural and handicraft development, and then the essence to de- velop industry is to possess wealth. In the early modem times, technology standardization means the interchange of components, which is adapted to the growth of the manufacturing industries, and at that time the essence of the in- dustry is the proliferation of values. Nowadays, technology standardization is characterized by the entire system in- eluding the products, their qualities management, and so on. It is created to establish the globalized economic or- der and satisfy the new types of industry brought about by knowledge-based economy. Now the purpose to develop industry is to establish comprehensive ecosystem based on the knowledge flows, and value chains. It is of help for us to excavate the social significance of the industry to analyze the structural transitions of industry from the histori- cal evolution of technology standardization.