P.3723鲁地礼物清单所示唐代山东社会生产

Social Production in Shandong in the Tang Dynasty as Evidenced by Document P. 3723

敦煌文书P.3723中的鲁地礼物清单与唐代山东贡品清单互为补苴,较全面地展示了唐代山东特色物产,可复原出唐代山东地域18类社会生产的基本脉络。这表明唐代山东农家的农副手工产品大多投向了市场,品种繁多,所以郁知言可以很方便地为王监军挑选所需要的特色礼物,反映出山东地域农商依存关系极为密切。史籍所缺载的山东农家生产文化、自然背景、农副结合的生活情形,藉由敦煌材料得到了具体而清晰的阐释,弥补了历史的缺隙。

The list of gifts from the state of Lu （located in today＇s Shandong province） in Dunhuang docu- ment P. 3723, together with the tribute list from Shandong comprehensively demonstrate the special features of items from Shandong in the Tang dynasty, and help outline the basic conditions that created the eighteen prod- ucts listed therein. The nature of these products suggests that most agricultural and secondary products and hand- crafts were various and widely available throughout the region, which made it easy to choose and purchase gifts. These observations in turn illustrate the close relationship between the farmers and merchants of Shandong. These and other Dunhuang documents specifically and clearly provide evidence regarding fanning culture, natu- ral backgrounds, and the combination of agricultural and secondary products not recorded in other historical materials, thus filling the gaps in history.