激励CCHP参与需求侧管理双向峰谷定价模型

Pricing model of bidirectional peak-valley for motivating CCHP to participate in DSM

削峰填谷是需求侧管理的主要目标,而峰谷电价是激励用户参与削峰填谷的有效措施。由于冷热电联供系统的运行特点,针对其制定双向峰谷定价将更为有效,激励其获取良好经济性,改变其供能方案和购售电交易计划,从而改变其接入电网母线的日负荷曲线。通过基于最小二乘法的误差相对值刻画日负荷与其均值的偏离程度,定义该误差值的变化率作为负荷曲线满意度;统一电价和峰谷电价条件下,比较联供系统经济性差异,定义冷热电联供系统满意度。为了综合考虑联供系统的调节效果,建立联供系统与负荷曲线的联合满意度为目标的峰谷定价模型。仿真结果表明,双向计量峰谷电价的合理定价,可促使联供系统调整调度方案,并获取改善的母线负荷曲线。均衡权重的联合满意度模型所定峰谷电价比不同权重的更能使联供系统积极响应,削峰填谷效果更优。

Load shifting is the main objective of demand-side management, and TOU is an effective measure to motivate users to participate in load shifting. Due to the operating characteristics of combined cooling heating and power （CCHP） system, the bidirectional peak-valley pricing for it will be more effective, motivating it to get a good economy, and changing its scheme of energy supply and trade of purchase and sale electric energy, thereby the daily load curve connected to bus changes. An error based on the least squares method is used to depict the relative value of the deviation from mean value of daily load, and the rate of change of the error is defined as the load curve satisfaction; economic differences of CCHP are compared under the condition of uniform price and peak-valley price, and then CCHP satisfaction is defined. In order to comprehensively consider the effect of adjustment for CCHP system, pricing model of peak-valley is established with the aim of joint satisfaction of load curve and CCHP system. Simulation results show that the bidirectional peak-valley prices decision-made reasonable can promote the CCHP system to adjust dispatch schedule, and obtain improvement of load curve of substation bus. Comparing joint satisfaction model of TOU with different weights, the responses are more active and peak load shaving effects are more available. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51277016 and No. 11171095）.