社会语言学视角下的身份研究

A Study on Identity from the Perspective of Sociolinguistics

本文旨在梳理自20世纪60年代的变异研究到21世纪初的互动社会语言学研究,回顾50年来社会语言学领域对身份研究的状况。该领域早期静态探讨说话人语言变异与其社会身份的关系,中期则强调以交际为中心的交际活动或者言语事件本身的研究。当代互动社会语言学指出话语不仅是用来交流信息而且是动作行为的语用思想,并强调运用真实语料探讨话语双方共同建构身份的重要性。身份研究的这一整体研究范式取得丰硕的研究成果,反映出研究者研究视域进一步拓宽、研究方法呈现多样化的趋势。然而,在研究对象的分析性框架、解释性框架和研究方法上仍有待进一步改进。

This paper surveys the history of research on relationship between language and identity in sociolinguistics.The early sociolinguists take a static approach to study the relationship between language variation and social identity;the middle stage witnesses the emphasis on the communicative activities and speech events;and the contemporary interactional sociolinguistics attaches due importance to the language not only as a tool to convey information but also as an act to realize a certain performance,stressing the significance of using natural data to explore the interlocutors＇ co-construction of their identities.This paradigm of identity study presents a wider scope and a variety of research methodology with a notable achievement.However,there is still a need for improvement in terms of analytic and explanatory framework,and research methods.