不同遮光度对5种野菜生长及品质的影响

Effects of different shading degrees on growth of 5 kinds of wild vegetables

【目的】探讨野菜对遮光栽培的生态适应性,为其林下规模化栽培和管理提供参考依据。【方法】搭建不同透光程度遮阴棚,模拟林间光照条件种植树仔菜(Sauropus androgynus)、富贵菜(Gynura divaricala)、珍珠菜(Lysimachia clethroides)、荜拔菜(Piper longum)和鹅肝菜(Dicliptera chinensis),以不遮光处理为对照(CK),定期测定5种野菜在不同光照强度下的叶片长度、宽度、节间长度、叶片总叶绿素(Chl)含量和维生素C(Vc)含量。【结果】遮光栽培的5种野菜叶片长度、宽度均有不同程度的增加,树仔菜、富贵菜和荜拔菜的节间长度均增加,但增加程度不同。遮光栽培早期,5种野菜的总Chl含量均高于CK,且随着时间的推移,各处理和CK的总Chl含量均呈增加的变化趋势。树仔菜、富贵菜遮光后Vc含量总体上低于CK,鹅肝菜、荜拔菜及珍珠菜适度遮光后Vc含量升高,但重度遮光后其Vc含量均降低。【结论】富贵菜不耐阴,更适宜在无遮光环境下栽培。树仔菜能适应轻度遮光环境,鹅肝菜、荜拔菜和珍珠菜等有一定的耐阴特性,可利用槟榔林、芒果园等不同郁闭度林地开展林菜间作。

[Objective]The ecological adaptability of wild vegetables to shading cultivation were investigated, in order to provides reference for large-scale cultivation and management. [Method ]By setting up different translucent shade shed of light intensity to simulate light environment of forest, five kinds of wild vegetables viz., Sauropus androgynus, Gynura divaricala, Lysimaehia clethroides, Piper longum, Dicliptera chinensis were cultivated. Meanwhile, the leaf length and width, internode length, total blade chlorophyll （Chl） and vitamin C （Vc） content in leaf were determined regularly. [ Re- suit]The results showed that, the leaf length and width of five kinds of wild vegetables cultivated under shading was in- creased in varying degrees, as well as the internode length of S. androgynus, G. divarieala and P. longum in varying de- gree. At early stages of shading cultivation, the total Chl concent of five kinds of wild vegetables were higher than the con- trol（CK）, the total Chl concent of every treatment and control presented an increasing trend as the time went on. The Vc contents of S. androgynus and G. divadcala under shading were lower than that of CK, however, Vc content of L. clethroides, P. longum and D. chinensis increased under moderate shading, but decreased under severe shading.[Con- clusion]The shade-intolerant G. divarieala is more suitable to be cultivated without shading. S. androgynus is able to adapt to slight shading environment. L. clethroides, P. longum and D. ehinensis, which have some shade-tolerant characteris- tics, can be interplanted under forest of betel nut, mango orchards with different canopy density.