微种植体支抗研究进展

Research progress of micro-implants anchorage

有效的支抗控制是正畸矫治成功的关键因素之一,微种植体作为正畸支抗装置的一种,因具有可实现"绝对支抗"控制、植入操作过程简单、易于取出、成本低、依从性小等优点,而得到了广大正畸医生的青睐。然而在临床运用过程中,仍然会出现微种植体折断、松动、脱落,微种植体周围组织感染、皮下气肿及牙根损伤等情况。如何减少这些情况的发生,提高微种植体临床应用的成功率,成为学者们研究的重点。本文就近年来国内外学者对微种植体材料、表面改性方法、形态特征等方面的研究进展做一综述,以期为微种植体的进一步研究和临床应用提供理论依据。

Effective anchorage control is one of the key factors of successful orthodontic treatment. As the orthodontic anchorage devices, micro-implants have the advantages, such as achieving＂absolute＂ anchorage control, simplifying implant operation process, being easy to remove, low cost and low compliance requirements. Therefore, mlcro-implants are favored by the vast number of orthodontic doctors. However, potential risks associated with the use of micro-implants include fracture, being loose, falling off, adjacent tissue infection, subcutaneous emphysema and root injury. How to reduce the potential risks and improve the success rate of mlcro-implants have become the research focus of the scholars. For the further study of micro-implants and in order to provide the theoretical reference to clinical application, this review will make a summary mainly in following aspects ： the materials of micro-implants, the methods of surface modification and the morphological characteristics of the micro-implants.