论《联合国海洋法公约》争端解决机制中的“强制仲裁”

On Compulsory Arbitration in the UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Mechanism

《联合国海洋法公约》的争端解决机制的强制性体现在"强制仲裁"方面,即当争端当事方无法从四种争端解决模式中做出共同选择时,仲裁程序便作为"剩余方法"得到启动。不过,"强制仲裁"并不能够在所有场合中适用,《公约》对它施加了各种条件限制。从实践的角度来看,国家似乎并不青睐"强制仲裁",特别是在仲裁庭不顾《公约》的规定大大扩张其管辖权的情况下。近期,针对"强制仲裁"出现了国家不应诉的现象,即"北极日出号案"中的俄罗斯和"南海仲裁案"中的中国。这是"强制仲裁"机制在近期所面临的最大问题。如果"强制仲裁"不能回到《公约》规定的正确轨道上,那么未来将面临更多挑战。

The mandatory character of the dispute settlement mechanism in the UNCLOS is reflected in the aspect of 'compulsory arbitration',that is,when the parties to a dispute cannot make the same choice from the four dispute settlement modes,the procedure of arbitration will be initiated as the 'residual method'.Compulsory arbitration cannot be applied in all cases,however,restrictions has been imposed on it by the UNCLOS.Seen from the perspective of practice,it seems that 'compulsory arbitration'is not favored among nations,especially when the arbitral tribunal greatly expands its jurisdiction beyond the provisions of the UNCLOS.Recently,some nations refused to participate in the compulsory arbitration,such as Russia in the Arctic Sunrise Case and China in the South China Sea Case.This is the biggest issue faced by the mechanism of 'compulsory arbitration'in the near future.If the compulsory arbitration cannot go back on the right track mandated by the UNCLOS,it will face more challenges in the future.