海底输气管道泄漏对邻近海上平台的影响

Effects of subsea gas pipeline leakage on adjacent offshore platform

为了研究海底输气管道泄漏对邻近海上平台的影响,应用三维CFD模拟软件KFX,以瞬态泄漏速率为输入,考虑气体在海面的释放面与平台的相对位置以及风向和风速的影响,对管道泄漏气体到达海面后引发火灾的发展过程及后果进行模拟。结果表明:对于海底管道在189 m水深发生的断裂泄漏,当气体在海面的释放面位于平台下方时,火灾对平台的影响很大,安全设施易受破坏,平台人员逃生面临较大困难,且发生事故升级的可能性较大;当气体在海面的释放面远离平台时,计算得到了不同风速条件下火灾最大水平影响距离。根据分析结果,针对海底管道泄漏事故,在事故确认、报警、救逃生及安全设计等方面提出了风险管理和应急准备建议。

In order to investigate the effects of subsea gas pipeline leakage on its adjacent offshore platform, KFX, a 3D CFD software, was used to simulate the process and consequence of a fire which was initiated when the gas leaked out from the pipeline reached the sea surface. In the simulation, the transient leakage rate was taken as the input parameter, and such factors as relative position of the gas release surface to the platform, wind direction and wind velocity were considered. In case that cracking leakage happens on the subsea pipeline at depth of 189 m, the platform will be greatly influenced by the fire if the release surface of the leaked gas is below the platform. In this situation, the safety facilities are vulnerable to be impaired, the platform crew can hardly evacuate, and the probability of accident escalation is high. The maximum horizontal influence distances of the fire at various wind velocities were calculated for the situation that the gas release surface was far from the platform. Based on the analysis results, some recommendations on risk management and emergency preparedness were proposed for the events of subsea pipeline leakage in terms of accident confirmation, alarm, rescue, evacuation and safety design.