黑龙江省畜禽粪便的排放量及时空分布特征

Emissions and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of livestock manure in Heilongjiang province

为了研究黑龙江省畜禽粪便的排放量及时空分布特征,笔者利用黑龙江省的畜禽统计资料、文献资料以及养殖分布结构对畜禽粪便产生量进行计算分析。结果表明：黑龙江省畜禽粪便排放量相对稳定,但在2013年骤增;2003—2013年黑龙江省畜禽粪尿总量、5日生化需要量（BOD5）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3-N）的年排放总量分别为9 326.98万~14 766.64万t,180.18万~288.08万t,218.95万~349.45万t,21.90万~34.80万t,年际间变化相对稳定,变化幅度不大;2013年黑龙江省单位耕地面积猪粪当量承载量平均值为10.83 t/hm2,远小于我国的土地最适宜粪便负荷量。

This paper calculates and analyzes the amounts of livestock manure to observe the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics using the statistical data, literature data and breeding distribution structure of livestock and poultry in Heihmgjiang province. The results show that the emissions of livestock masmre in Heilongjiang pruvinee are relatively stable, but there is a surge in 2013. In the 10 years from 2003 to 2013, the total amounts of livestock and pouhry manure and the biochemical demand ira five days （ BUD5 ） , chemical oxygen demand （COD） , and tutal annual emissions of N｜：I3 - N are 93. 2698 million ＂to 147. 6664 million tons, 1. 8018 million to 2. 8808 million tons, 2. 1895 million to 3, 4945 million tons, and 0. 2190 million to 0. 3480 million tons. The interannual variation is relatively stable, and the range of variation is not too large. The average value of equivalent bearing capacity per unit area of farmland for swine manure is 10.83 t/hm2 , which is far less than the most suitable carrying capacity of the land for feces in China.