论农村宅基地流转与退出机制的完善

On the Perfection of the Rural Residential Land Transfer and Withdrawal System

农村宅基地目前存在流转频繁、交易主体与法律规定不统一、宅基地严重闲置等社会问题,其涉及到宅基地的流转与退出机制。近几年的中央文件都趋向于试点推行该项机制。而《物权法》与《土地管理法》则限制宅基地使用权的流转,对退出机制缺乏立法规定,明显落后于时代要求。《民法典总则专家建议稿(征求意见稿)》第60条在宅基地使用权方面,仅界定"户"的范围,存在立法简陋的问题。应完善宅基地流转与退出机制,科学定位宅基地的法律性质,并进一步在民法典总则中进行系统编排,以解决农村宅基地存在的社会问题。

Rural residential land is currently in circulation, the main body of the transaction and the legal provisions are not unified, the serious idle and other social problems, which involve the transfer of the homestead and exit system. In recent years, the central file has tended to implement the system. The ＂property law＂ and ＂land management law＂ limits the transfer of the right to use the homestead, the lack of legislative provisions of the withdrawal mechanism, significantly lagging behind the times. The civil code general expert proposal draft （comment draft） ＂Article 60 in the homestead right of use only define＂ family ＂, legislation simple problems. Response to the above problems should improve the homestead circulation and withdrawal mechanism, the legal nature of the scientific orientation of the homestead, and further perfect the general principles of civil code system, to solve the social problems existing in the rural homestead.