影响新生儿听力异常的相关因素研究

Study on the Correlative Factors of Neonatal Hearing Disorders

目的研究影响新生儿听力异常的相关因素。方法选取我院2014年1月至2016年1月做听力筛查的1 000例新生儿，根据是否存在听力异常分为听力正常的对照组（800例）和听力异常的研究组（200例），分析影响新生儿听力异常的相关因素。结果两组新生儿的性别、日龄、凝血功能异常比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；而两组的早产、脑炎、电解质紊乱、代谢性酸中毒、出生时窒息或缺氧、高胆红素血症、胎儿脐带绕颈、新生儿出生后感冒比较，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；Logisdc回归分析结果提示，早产、出生时窒息或缺氧、高胆红素血症和脑炎为新生儿听力异常的独立风险因素（OR：524、2．338、2．437、2．532；0R95％CI：1．878～8．762、1．741～8．468、1．794～8．668、1．795～8．678；P〈0．05）。结论影响新生儿听力异常的相关因素包括早产、出生时窒息或缺氧、高胆红素血症和脑炎，应引起临床的高度重视并采取积极的预防措施，为新生儿健康成长提供保障。

Objective To study the correlative factors of neonatal hearing disorders. Methods 1 000 cases of newborn with hearingscreening in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were selected and divided into control group （800 cases with normal hearing）and study group （200 cases with abnormal heating）. The correlative factors of neonatal hearing disorders were analyzed. Results Nostatistical difference was found in gender, age and dysfunction of blood coagulation of newborn between two groups （P 〉0.05）. Thepremature birth, encephalitis, electrolyte disorder, metabolic acidosis, birth asphyxia or oxygen deficit, hyperbilimbinemia, umbilical cordaround the neck and cold after birth of two groups had statistical difference （P〈0.05）. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed thatthe premature birth, birth asphyxia or oxygen deficit, hyperbilirubinemia and encephalitis were independent risk factors for neonatal hearingdisorders （OR 2.524, 2.338, 2.437, 2.338; 0R95%CI： 1.878 - 8.762, 1.741 - 8.468, 1.794 - 8.668, 1.795 - 8.678; P〈0.05）. Conclusions Thecorrelative factors of neonatal heating disorders, including premature birth, birth asphyxia or oxygen deficit, hyperbilirubinemia andencephalitis, should be paid high attention clinically. The active preventive measures should be taken to ensure healthy growth of newbom.