中国环境规制效率与全要素生产率研究——基于考虑非期望产出的静态和动态分析

A Study on Environmental Regulation Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity in China——Static and Dynamic Analyses Based on Consideration of the Undesirable Outputs

文章从静态和动态两个角度分析了2003-2013年中国环境规制的效率和全要素生产率问题。结果发现:2003年中国环境规制有效省市在布局上表现出较强的东部、西部"双边效应",随着西部地区经济社会发展,环境有效省市逐渐转为无效,直到经济发展到一定程度,环境规制又重新变为有效,而东部沿海一直处于有效状态;从2003-2013年,中国环境规制效率在数量上表现出一定的"两极效应",随着时间的推移,环境规制有效省份越来越多,"两极效应"又逐渐减弱;由变异系数检测中国环境规制效率区域差异在逐渐缩小,但是差异程度仍然较大;与不考虑非期望产出的环境全要素生产率相比,考虑非期望产出的环境全要素生产率会更高;用Moran’s I指数检测中国环境全要素生产率在空间上具有既不聚集也不离散的随意分布特征。最后,本文提出了相应的政策建议。

Aiming at the issue, the efficiency and total factor productivity of China＇ s environmental regulation fi＇om 2003 to 2013 are analyzed from static aspect and dynamic aspect. The results show that the provinces with effective environmental regulation in 2003 presented strong ＂bilateral effects＂ in the geographical layout of the east and west. With the economic and social development of the western regions, the environmental regulation becomes invalid and will not become effective again until the economy develops to a certain degree, while the environmental regulation of the eastern coastal provinces has always being effective since 2003. From 2003 to 2013, China＇s environmental regulation efficiency showed in certain ＂two-extreme effects＂ in terms of quantity. With the passage of time, more provinces had effective environmental regulation, and the ＂two-extreme effects＂ gradually reduced. The detection results through coefficient of variation show that regional differences of China＇ s environmental regulation efficiency gradually narrow down, but there is still larger difference degree. Compared with the total factor productivity of the environment without considering the undesirable outputs, tile total factor productivity of the environ- ment considering the undesirable outputs is higher. The diction results through Moran＇ s I index indicate that China＇ s environ- ment total factor productivity space is featured by neither gathered, nor discrete random distribution. According to the above environmental characteristics, some valuable suggestions are put forward for the environmental regulation.