金属氧化物/石墨烯复合物作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

Research Progress on Metal Oxides/Graphene Composites as Anode Material for Li-ion Battery

综述了Fe_3O_4、Fe_2O_3、NiO、Co_3O_4、CoO、CuO等多种金属氧化物通过水热、溶剂热、共沉淀、原子层沉积、溶胶凝胶及高温退火和微波辅热等多种合成策略和制备方法得到不同尺寸如纳米级和微米级,不同形貌如颗粒状、棒状、孔状、球状、层状、花状等不同维度金属氧化物以不同的方式如嵌入、卷入、植入修饰石墨烯,形成了层状结构、三明治结构、中空核壳状结构和混合结构等形式的金属氧化物/石墨烯复合物.并把它们应用于锂离子电池的负极材料,其电化学性能如容量、倍率、循环等性能相对于纯石墨烯和纯金属氧化物得到了提升.最后分析了金属氧化物/石墨烯复合物的制备材料、制备方法对最终产物的影响,讨论了金属氧化物和石墨烯的协同效应和复合机理以及石墨烯复合物性能的影响,展望了金属氧化物/石墨烯复合物作为锂离子电池电极材料的应用和开发前景.

The present work reviews the latest advances in developing novel combination of graphene and transition metal oxides,including Fe2O3,Fe3O4,Co3O4,Co O,Ni O,Cu O which were prepared by the various approaches and suitable strategies such as hydrothermal method,solvothermal,homogeneous coprecipitation,ALD and subsequent annealing and / or microwave-assisted. The different morphology of these metal oxides such as nanoparticles,nanowires,nanospheres,nanorods,nanoplates,nanosheet and nanoflowers with nano or micro sizes were anchored,wrapped,encapsulated,grafted,dispersed in graphene to form sandwich,layer,core @ void @shell and mixed models. These nanostructure hybrids have a significant improvement in their electrochemical properties in lithium ion batteries such as high capacity,high rate capability as well as excellent cycling stability compared with pure graphene and metal oxides. The influence of the synthesis strategies and use of raw materials are analyzed. The importance of synergistic effects between graphene and metal oxides and the beneficial role of graphene in composites for lithium ion batteries are discussed. The prospects and future challenges of graphene / metal oxide composites for high-performance lithium ion batteries are proposed.