汽车正面碰撞过程人体建模与损伤研究

Research on modeling and injury of human body in head-on collision of vehicles

针对汽车碰撞事故的频发对道路交通安全产生巨大的危害的问题,该模型基于运动生物力学综合考虑车辆约束力、人体骨骼关节内力和人体各部分所受惯性力3个因素,将非线性车辆约束系统等效成具有一定刚度的弹性单元,建立汽车正面碰撞过程人体多刚体等效模型。通过数值方法对100%正碰、40%正碰、柱碰和钻入式碰撞4种不同碰撞假设下人体模型进行仿真研究,得到在不同碰撞条件下人体各部分的运动变化规律;并利用头部损伤评价指标、胸部压缩量指标和完全损伤评价指标讨论不同正碰形式对人体的损伤程度。研究结果对预测车辆正碰过程人体运动状态和减小车辆碰撞系统对人体造成的损伤具有指导意义。

Frequent traffic accidents of vehicle collisions produce great harms on the aspect of road traffic safety.It is very important to analyze the head-on collision damages exerted on human bodies by vehicles.In allusion to this issue,based on the sport biomechanics during collisions and considering the influences of three factors that are the vehicle constraint forces,the internal joint forces of human bones and the inertia forces of human bodies,a multi-rigid-body equivalent model of human body is established through regarding the nonlinear vehicle constraint systems as spring units with certain stiffness.The model is simulated on the basis of four different collision assumptions：100%front collision,40%front collision,column collision and drill collision.The motion variations of different parts of a human body are obtained numerically under different collision conditions.The extents of damages to the human body are discussed by using the index HIC36 for the head damage evaluation,the index VC for the breast compression damage evaluation and the index WIC for the total evaluation.The results have instructional significances to predict the body motion status during collision and decrease the body damage caused by vehicle head-on collision systems.