酪氨酸酶抑制剂的应用研究进展

Research Progress in the Application of Tyrosinase Inhibitor

酪氨酸酶是一类络合铜离子的金属酶类,广泛存在于动植物、微生物及人体中,是生物体合成黑色素、果蔬褐变的关键酶.酪氨酸酶的异常表现可能会出现黑色素瘤等,黑色素异常生成造成的色素沉着是动物衰老及果蔬褐变的重要表现.综述了酪氨酸酶抑制剂在美容保健、色素型皮肤病的治疗、病虫害防治以及食品保鲜等方面的应用,如:通过直接抑制酪氨酸酶活性以及调控细胞中酪氨酸酶的表达量来有效调控黑色素的生成,从而达到美白及治疗色素紊乱症的作用;抑制果蔬褐变,延长货架期;抑制昆虫蜕皮时的鞣化,达到杀灭农业害虫的目的;提高微生物对于紫外线及其他辐射的敏感度,进一步达到抑菌的目的.

Tyrosinase,a copper-containing metal enzyme,which is widely present in animals and plants,microorganisms and human bodies,is the key enzyme of melanin biological synthesis and fruit browning. When tyrosinase expresses excessively,it may cause pigment disorder,such as melanoma.The abnormal generation of melanin pigmentation could cause the animals＇ aging and fruit browning. This paper reviews the application of tyrosinase inhibitor in the beauty care,pigment skin disease treatment,control of plant diseases and insect pests,and food preservation,involving the following aspects：（ 1） It could directly inhibit tyrosinase activity,and regulate the expression of cellular tyrosinase to effectively control the generation of melanin,so as to achieve whitening and treatment of pigment disorder.（ 2） It could impede the fruit browning and extend the shelf life.（ 3） It could inhibit the insect molting being tanned and kill the agricultural pests.（ 4） It could enhance the sensitivity of microorganisms to the ultraviolet light and other radiations to achieve a bacteriostatic activity.