我国公共政策执行逻辑研究述评

Research Overview of Driving Factors of Public Policy Implementation in China

在中国公共政策执行的研究领域,学者已经采用"政策变通"、"选择性执行"、"基层共谋"、"政策梗阻"等本土特色明显的概念描述政策执行失败的现象。公共政策执行的结果为何与既定的政策目标相违背,政策执行为何频频失败,执行行为背后的逻辑是什么,该问题一直贯穿于我国公共政策执行研究的文献。沿用自上而下、自下而上、综合路径,总结出现有学者主要从央地关系、街头官僚、行政体制、行政生态、政策性质、制度视角以及组织视角提出我国公共政策执行的七种逻辑诠释。这些研究成果多着眼于个案,缺少理论对话,未能辨别影响政策执行的关键变量,距离提供一个实现共识性和普遍意义的逻辑图象仍有一定差距。利用正反交叉的定性比较分析方法(QCA)揭示我国公共政策执行的关键变量将是下一步的研究方向。

In the research field of public policy implementation in China, the scholars have used ＂policy adaptation＂, ＂selective policy implementation＂, ＂grassroots collusion＂ and ＂policy-implementation hindrance＂ as the localized concepts to describe the phenomenon of policy implementation failure in China. The issues why the result of public policy implementation in China is contrary to the given or fixed policy goal, why public implementation in China always fails and what is the logic of public implementation act in China, have been in the literatures about the research of public policy implementation in China. Based on top-down, down-top and comprehensive methods, it can be summarized that current scholars have put forward seven kinds of logical interpretation about public policy implementation in China from the perspectives of central-local governments relationship, street-level bureaucrat, administrative system, administrative ecology, the nature of policy, institution and organization. However, these research findings focus more on individual cases, but lack the theoretical dialogues, fail to distinguish the key variables impacting public poli- cy implementation in China and still have some certain differences from the logical vision with the purpose of realizing consensus and universal meaning. Using the method of qualitative comparative analysis （QCA） combing the positive and negative to explore key variables in public policy implementation in China is the next research direction in the future.