历史唯物主义农业生态思想探析——兼论土地股份合作制的农业生态效应

The Exploration and Analysis of the Thought of Agro-Ecology in Historical Materialism:with Additional Study on Agro-Ecology Effect of Rural Land Joint-Stock Cooperative System

历史唯物主义生态思想的核心是人与自然之间的物质转换,而农业是这一转换的直接场所。马克思从对土地肥力的掠夺和对劳动力的破坏两个方面批判了农业资本主义生产方式所引发的农业生态危机,并指出"合理的农业"只能是"自食其力的小农的手"或"联合起来的生产者的控制"。土地股份合作制既能克服小农经济下家庭分散经营的地力浪费问题,又能缓解传统规模化经营方式下提高农业生产率与保护及改善土地肥力之间的矛盾,为实践历史唯物主义农业生态思想提供了可能性。

The core of the ecological thought in historical materialism is the material transformation between human and nature, of which the direct place is agriculture. Karl Marx criticizes agricultural ecological crisis caused by capitalist mode of production in agricultural from two aspects： the plunder of land fertility and the destruction of labor, and points out that a ＂rational agriculture＂ cannot be anything but ＂the hand of the self-supported small farmer living by his own labor＂ or ＂the control of associated producers＂. The rural land joint-stock cooperative system can not only overcome the problem of the waste of land fertility caused by the households decentralized operation under the small-scale peasant economy, but also relieve the contradiction between the increase of agricuhural productivity and the protection or improvement of land fertility under the traditional large-scale mode of business operation, as a result of which it is possible to turn the thought of agro-ecology in historical materialism into practice.