论我国竞技体育“举国体制”制度路径依赖的形成与突破

The Formation and Breakthrough of the Path Dependence of the Whole National System of Competitive Sports in China

"举国体制"是我国竞技体育的威权制度,在竞技体育实践过程中获得了高度的政治认可和广泛的社会认同,但"举国体制"形成的路径依赖,将有可能使我国竞技体育的发展低效,甚至陷入恶性循环.在总结我国竞技体育发展进程的基础上,从国家体制、权威政治和顶层设计分析了我国竞技体育"举国体制"路径依赖的形成,并借鉴国内和国外的发展策略,提出遵循"最小打乱原则"和降低"心理贴现率"来实现"举国体制"路径依赖的制度突破,从而推动我国竞技体育健康、有效发展.

＂The whole national system＂is an authoritarian system in China, and has a high degree of political recognition and social identity in the process of competitive sports practice. However, the path dependence of＂the whole national system＂will likely make the development of competitive sports inefficient, even making it into a vicious circle. Based summarizing the development process of competitive sports, this paper analyzed the formation of＂the whole national system＂through the aspects of the national system, the authority of political and the top-level design. Then using development strategies at home and abroad for reference, this paper suggests following＂the principle of minimum disruption＂and depress ＂the psychological discount rate＂to realize the breakthrough of the path dependence of＂the whole national system＂, and finally helps to improve the national competitive sports healthy and effective.