好生活与脆弱性——阿伦特和纳斯鲍姆相关思想论述

Good Life and Fragility——Analysis on Thoughts of Arendt and Nussbaum

"好生活"向来是伦理学探讨的一个主题。阿伦特认为好生活就是在人类事务领域通过行动和言说展示自己的独特性和卓越性,而纳斯鲍姆认为,好生活是通过行动把潜在的美德实现出来与通过在城邦中过政治生活和与另一个人进入友爱关系来繁荣自己的人性。但是"好生活"又往往与脆弱性相连,在阿伦特那里,这一脆弱性源于行动的三重困难;而在纳斯鲍姆那里,则是由于受到运气的影响。两者对这个问题的关注,源于她们对理性主义最深沉动机的批判。而她们的思想,在悲观主义和虚无主义弥漫的当今社会无疑具有巨大的启发和激励意义。

A good Life is always a topic discussed in ethnics.Arendt thinks a good life is to show uniqueness and excellence by means of action and speech in the realm of human affairs,while Nussbaum believes that it fulfils potential virtues by means of action,live a political life in polis and flourishes his nature by having philia with others.However,more often than not a good life is related to fragility,which,for Arendt,comes from the threefold frustration of action;while for Nussbaum,it is affected by luck.Their concern about this topic originates from the critique of deep motive of rationalism.Undoubtedly,their thoughts have great inspiration for our time which is full of widespread pessimism and nihilism.