揣测副词“敢是”“怕是”的比较研究

Comparative Study on Speculative Adverb “Gan Shi”and “Pa Shi”

"敢是""怕是"都是现代汉语揣测情态词,但二者在具体用法上有明显差别。具体而言,语义侧重点上:"敢是"侧重单纯的揣测意义,"怕是"侧重因为担心、忧虑的揣测意义;语义确信度上:"怕是"高于"敢是"。句法上,"怕是"能选择第一人称与将来时态,"敢是"则几乎不能。语用功能上,"怕是"倾向否定意愿表达,"敢是"则没有这种限制;语气表达上"敢是"比"怕是"更委婉。

Chinese words ＂GanShi＂ and ＂PaShi＂ are both speculative modal adverbs in modem Chinese. However, there are sig- nificant differences in their specific usage. Specifically, from the semantic focus perspective, ＂Gan shi＂ purely stresses the speculative meaning while ＂Pa shi＂ emphasizes this meaning because of anxiety; in terms of the semantic confidence factor, ＂Pa shi＂ exceeds ＂Gan shi＂. Syntactically, ＂Pa shi＂ can employ the first person and the future tense but ＂Gan shi＂ hardly can. Given the pragmatic function, ＂Pa shi＂ tends to express the negative intention. In contrast, there is no such restriction in ＂Gan shi＂. Furthermore, ＂Gangshi＂ is more euphemistic in the mood expression. Moreover, this thesis analyzes the reasons for the above differences.