朱熹的“天地之心”与理气的关系——以唐君毅、牟宗三的不同诠释为中心

The Relationship Between Zhu Xi's "Heart of the Universe" and Li & Qi:Centered on the Different Interpretations of Tang Junyi and Mou Zongsan

唐君毅、牟宗三从朱熹理气论的角度对于《仁说》所谓"天地以生物为心者也,而人物之生又各得夫天地之心以为心者也"作出了不同的诠释。唐君毅认为,朱熹所谓"天地之心",统摄生物之理与天地之气以生物;人之心得夫"天地之心"而统摄仁之理与生命之气以爱人利物。与此不同,牟宗三认为,在朱熹的理气论框架中,"天地之心"只是"虚说的心",所谓人之心得夫"天地之心"也只是"类比地虚笼着说"。他们的诠释,与理气论相结合,虽然相互冲突,但对于当今学术界多从朱熹仁学的角度而进行的诠释,具有重要的学术价值,同时也为朱熹理气论乃至心性论的研究提出了新的问题。

Tang Junyi and Mou Zongsan made different interpretations of ＂Heart of the Universe ＂ in the Humanity Theory from the point of view of Zhu Xi＇s Li ＆Qi theory. Tang Junyi believed that Zhu Xi＇s so-called ＂Heart of the Universe＂ is to unify both the moral principles and physical images in molding a man and to make him possess the benevolence to the world. In contrast, Mou thought that, in the framework of Zhu Xi＇s theory, the ＂Heart of the Universe＂ is just a suppositional expression with analogy. Their interpretations,although contract to each other,are of the same academic value and lead to a new research direction to Zhu Xi＇s theory in Li ＆Qi or Mind ＆Nature from the perspective of Humanity Theory.