20世纪中国史学进程中的社会科学化路向概观

Brief Review of the Social-Science Trend in the Development of the 20th Century Chinese Historiography

社会科学化是20世纪中国史学发展的基本路径之一,开启于晚清"新史学"运动中,五四后美国"新史学"传入国内逐渐普及,又随着唯物史观史学的崛起而高涨,社会科学学者也纷纷涉足历史研究,社会科学化潮流愈加强劲。民国时期社会学、人类学的引入推动了中国上古史研究的转型,经济学和统计学方法的运用催生了现代经济史学。经历30年的中断后,新时期历史学与社会科学开始重新整合,跨学科研究的热潮再度兴起,至今不衰。社会科学理论和方法的引进,使中国史学实现了一场由传统到现代的范式转换。社会科学与史学在交融互动过程中也产生了一些弊病,对这些弊病的克服将是中国史学走向成熟的契机。

The social-science trend is the basic path of the development of the 20th Century Chinese Historiography. It started from the ＂Neo-historiography＂ movement of the late Qing Dynasty and became popular after the May 4th Movement when the American ＂New Historiography＂ was introduced into China. With the rise of historical materialism, social scientists were involved in historical research, and the social-science trend became increasingly strong. During the Republic period, sociology and anthropology promoted the transformation of Chinese ancient history research; the methodology of both economics statistics gave birth to modem economic history. After an interruption of 30 years and in the new period, historiography and social sciences began to re-integrate, and interdisciplinary research rose again and has been prospering until now. The introduction of social science theories and methods led to a transition from traditional to modem paradigm for the Chinese historiography. However, interaction process of social science and historiography remains some shortcomings, which will be an opportunity to mature Chinese historiography.