英汉新词成分词素化对比研究

A Contrastive Study of Morphemization of Neologisms in Chinese and English

英语拼缀词和汉语写音外来语分别是英汉两种语言较多发生词素化现象的新词,两者的词素化过程具有共性特征和各自的特点:能够词素化的英语拼缀词和汉语写音外来语都具备心理上的可分析性;拼缀词的可分析性来自来源词空间,写音外来语的可分析性是汉字离散性的结果。新词素通过类推不断扩散,其地位通过很高程度的复现得以巩固。英汉新词素的词素化程度不一,总体说来汉语新词素的词素化程度比英语高;汉语新词素的灵活性,是汉语的非形态性和常用字高度灵活能产的特点造成的。

Blends and transliterated loans are respectively neologisms serving as major sources of morphemization in English and Chinese. The morphemizing process requires a psychological analyzability,which comes from the activated mental space of the source words for English blends while the discreteness of Zi for Chinese transliterated loans. The new morphemes spread via the universal cognitive device of analogy,and are entrenched by repeated usage. Generally speaking,new morphemes in Chinese enjoy a higher degree of morphemization,which is in part the result of the non-inflectional feature of Chinese,and is also partially caused by the high frequency and flexibility of Zi.