中国澳门地区4～6年级学童超重/肥胖与步行及住所周边环境因素的关系

Study on Overweight/Obesity,Walking and Residence Surrounding Environment of 4～6 Grade School Children in Macao

目的:通过对澳门地区学龄儿童BMI与步行及住所周边环境因素关系进行探讨,揭示住所周边环境对学龄儿童BMI的影响,以期为学龄儿童体力活动导向型的健康社区环境建设提供参考。方法:选取澳门地区学龄儿童1 288名,测量其身高、体重,通过问卷调查性别、年级等人口社会学变量,调查其日常外出散步(休闲性步行)情况,上、下学步行情况以及对住所周边环境因素如家周围马路步行的便利性,住所周边马路的安全性和住所附近是否有公园、游泳池、单车径和运动场(馆)等。结果:经分析后发现,家周围马路步行的便利性既是影响男性学龄儿童超重或肥胖的主要环境因素,也是影响经常散步情况的主要因素(OR分别为2.394和1.162,P值分别为0.001和0.658)。居住小区的安全性既是影响女性学龄儿童超重或肥胖的主要环境因素,也是影响经常散步情况的主要因素(OR分别为1.813和1.087,P值分别为0.002和0.082)。住所附近有室内健身场(馆)是影响男性和女性学童经常散步情况的主要环境因素(OR分别为1.979和1.106,P值分别为0.092和0.682)。结论:澳门男性学龄儿童步行上、下学和经常外出散步有助于降低超重和肥胖的发生,但女性学龄儿童的相关关系并不明显。通过分析发现,男性学龄儿童住所周边设施的便利性和具有玩耍的伙伴是促进步行,降低超重或肥胖发生的重要因素,但对女性学龄儿童而言,住所周边环境安全性则更具积极意义。因此,建议澳门地区有关部门今后针对促进学龄儿童步行的政策中应加强对步行环境安全性的改善,这有助于促进女性学龄儿童步行上、下学和经常外出散步,从而降低超重和肥胖的发生。

Objective： Through discussion on relationship between Macao school-age children BMI, walking and residence surrounding environmental factors, this paper reveals the residence surroundings affecting school-age children＇s BMI, and provides the reference for the health of the school-age children＇s physical activity-oriented community environment construction. Methods： 1288 school-age children are selected in Macao to measure the height and weight, through the questionnaire survey of gender, grade, such as sociology of population variables, investiga- ting whether their daily walking regularly（being leisurely walk）, whether to walk to and from school, and to the residence surroundings factors around the road is easy to walk around home inns,home whether safety and shelter when you cross the street if there is a park near and sports venues, swimming pool, a cycling path, etc. Results：The result shows that the easy home way is the main environmental factors affecting male school-aged children＇s overweight and obese, and it is also the main factors affecting whether walking regularly（OR were 2. 394 and 2. 394,p values were 0. 001 and 0. 658）. Whether safety around the house is not only af- fect female school-age children overweight or obese, it is also the main environmental factors affecting walking regularly（OR were 1. 813 and 1. 813, p values were 0. 002 and 0. 082）. The indoor fitness venues nearby the residence are main factors affecting male and female chil- dren to take a walk（OR were 1. 979 and 1. 979,p values were 0. 092 and 0. 682）. Conclu- sion： Walking up and down school and regular walking of male school age children in Macao will help to reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity, but the relationship between female school age children is not obvious. Through the analysis, we found out that the convenience a- round the residence facilities and playing partner are the main factors to promote walking and reduce the occurrence of overweight or obese, but for female children, the safety around the residence enviroimlent has more positive sign/ficance. Therefore, it is suggested that relevant departments in Macao area should strcngthen the improvement of environmental safety of walk- [rig in future for the promotion of school-age children walk policy. It can help to promote female school-age children walking to school and often go out for a walk, so as to reduce inci- dence of overweight and obesity.