“X人”词族的二语习得研究

"X-ren" Word Groups in L2 Chinese

"X人"词族的习得过程是X从单音节向双音节甚至再到多音节的扩散过程(如从"老人"到"老年人"再到"中老年人"),扩散的起点很可能是某类人群中的高频X。自然度是"人"在多选竞争中战胜其它N(如"员、者、子"等)的原因。与单纯表示"种差"的名词结构(如"妈妈")相比,"种差+类"名词结构(如"*妈妈人")的语义透明度更高,更容易被识别和认知,这可能是不同背景的二语者与汉语儿童都创造出"表人名词+人"偏误词的原因。

The acquisition process of ＂X - ren＂ words - groups is a spread process in which X starts from mon- osyllables to disyllables and probably to polysyllables eventually, such as from ＂lao ren＂ to ＂laonian ren＂ and fi- nally to ＂zhonglaonian ren＂. The starting point of this spread tends to be several given morphemes, with the highest word frequencies in given group of learners, among Xs. Naturalness is the reason why ＂ren＂ can win in the competition with other nominal morphemes which also refer to people such as ＂yuan＂, ＂zhe＂ and ＂zi＂. Compared wxttt the word structure of nouns which merely represents ＂ species difference＂ such as ＂ mama＂, the word structure ＂