宁波市北仑区2013-2014年儿童哮喘流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in Beilun district of Ningbo,2013-2014

目的调查宁波市北仑区0~14岁儿童哮喘发病率、发病规律及危险因素,为制定防治措施提供参考。方法2013年1月-2014年1月,采用整群抽样法抽取北仑区19所学校0~14岁儿童为调查对象进行问卷调查,对筛查出的疑似哮喘儿童进行确诊,并对其人口学特征进行分析,采用logistic回归方程分析危险因素。结果调查收回有效问卷23 781份,共检出哮喘患儿534例,发病率为2.25%,男女发病率比例为1.92：1。其中发病较轻患儿占44.01%,中度占31.46%,重度占24.53%。发病时间以换季、冬季为主,分别占35.96%、32.02%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,呼吸道感染、药物过敏史、家族过敏史和食物过敏史是儿童哮喘发病的危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论北仑区儿童哮喘发病率较高,具有性别和季节发病差异,应加大对患病危险因素的宣传,规范标准化治疗方案,减少儿童哮喘疾病的发生。

Objective To investigate the incidence rate, pathogenesis regularity and risk factors of asthma in 0-14 years old children in Beilun district of Ningbo, and to provide data reference for the prevention and treatment of asthma. Methods Children aged 0-14 years in 19 schools of Beilun district from January 2013 to January 2014 were investigated by cluster sampling methods. The screened children with suspected asthma were diagnosed, and analyzed for their demographic characteristics, personal and family history of allergy, time of onset, degree and the method of treatment and then analysis of the risk factor was carried out by Logistic regression equation. Results A total of 23781 questionnaires were valid ,and the effective rate was 96.94%.A total of 534 children with asthma were diagnosed with the incidence rate of 2.25% and the incidence ratio of male to female was 1.92：l,The incidence rate of children with mild, moderate and severe degree were 44.01%,31.46% and 24.53% respectively. The onset time was mainly in changing seasons and winter, accounted for 35.96% and 32.02% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that respiratory tract infection, drug allergy history, family history of allergy, food allergy history were risk factors of childhood asthma（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The incidence rate of childhood asthma is high in Beilun district with differences between gender and seasons, it is suggest to enhance the propaganda of risk factors, and standardize treatment programs to reduce the incidence rate of children asthma.