饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中华蜜蜂育王质量的影响

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Quality of Rearing Queens for Apis cerana cerana

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中华蜜蜂蜂王育王的影响。选取基本情况相近的中华蜜蜂9群,随机分成3组,每组3群,在每群蜂巢门口装置脱粉器,阻止花粉进入,使其处于缺粉状态。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组蜂群分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为15%、25%、35%的试验饲粮,45 d后控制蜂王产卵,并进行人工育王,待蜂王出房后,测其初生重、胸宽,并检测其卵巢卵黄蛋白原基因(vitellogenin,Vg)、转铁蛋白基因(transferrin,Trf)的相对表达量。结果表明:蜂王的初生重随饲粮粗蛋白质水平的增加而升高,Ⅲ组和Ⅱ组培育蜂王的初生重显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且Ⅲ组也显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);蜂王的胸宽随饲粮粗蛋白质水平的增加而升高,但3个试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅲ组和Ⅱ组培育蜂王卵巢的Vg相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);培育蜂王卵巢的Trf相对表达量3个试验组间均有显著差异(P<0.05),相对表达量最高的是Ⅲ组,最低的是Ⅰ组。由此得出,饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中华蜜蜂育王质量存在影响,高蛋白质饲粮可以增加中华蜜蜂蜂王的初生重,促进蜂王卵巢Vg和Trf的表达。育王时,中华蜜蜂饲粮粗蛋白质水平不应低于25%。

The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of dietary crude protein level on the quality of rearing queens for Apis cerana cerana.Nine colonies of Apis cerana cerana with basic similar conditions were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 colonies in each group.Pollen trap was installed at the entrance of colonies to prevent pollen entering.Bees in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed diets containing 15%,25%and35%crude protein,respectively.Forty-five days later,queens were reared in each colon and the birth weight,chest width of newly emerged queens as well as the relative expression levels of vitellogenin（Vg） and transferrin（Trf） in ovary of rearing queens were tested.The results showed as follows：the birth weight of rearing queens was increased with the increase of dietary crude protein level.The birth weight of rearing queens in groups Ⅲ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ（P〈0.05）,and the birth weight of rearing queens in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ（P〈0.05）.The chest width of rearing queens was raised with the increase of dietary crude protein level,but no significant difference was found among the three experimental groups（P〉0.05）.The relative expression level of Vg in ovary in groups Ⅲ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group I（P〈0.05）,while there was no significant difference between groups Ⅱand Ⅲ（P〉0.05）.The relative expression level of Trf in ovary was significantly different among the three experimental groups（P〈0.05）,the highest relative expression level was found in group Ⅲ,and the lowest relative expression level was found in group I.In conclusion,the quality of rearing queens for Apis cerana cerana is affected by dietary crude protein level.The high-protein diets can increase the birth weight of queens and enhance the expression of Vg and Trf in ovary of rearing queens for Apis cerana cerana.The minimum dietary crude protein level of Apis cerana cerana for queen rearing is 25%.